A Practical Guide to Nonlinear Static Analysis
This document discusses and illustrates how to analyze infill building with an example in
ETABS© building analysis and design software by Computers and Structures, Inc. of a 2-D
nonlinear static “pushover” analysis of a six storey RC building with URM infill walls, based
on guidelines and modeling procedures given in the ATC-40 and FEMA-356 documents. The
procedures for defining the strength and stiffness of equivalent strut members used to model
infill walls are also applicable for linear analyses.
This manual was developed as part of a project that NED University of Engineering (NED)
and Technology and GeoHazards International (GHI), a California based non-profit
organization that improves global earthquake safety, conducted together to assess and design
seismic retrofits for existing buildings typical of the local building stock, such as the one
described in this report. The project was funded by the Pakistan Higher Education
Commission (HEC) and The National Academies through a grant from the United States
Agency for International Development (USAID).
ETABS© building analysis and design software by Computers and Structures, Inc. of a 2-D
nonlinear static “pushover” analysis of a six storey RC building with URM infill walls, based
on guidelines and modeling procedures given in the ATC-40 and FEMA-356 documents. The
procedures for defining the strength and stiffness of equivalent strut members used to model
infill walls are also applicable for linear analyses.
This manual was developed as part of a project that NED University of Engineering (NED)
and Technology and GeoHazards International (GHI), a California based non-profit
organization that improves global earthquake safety, conducted together to assess and design
seismic retrofits for existing buildings typical of the local building stock, such as the one
described in this report. The project was funded by the Pakistan Higher Education
Commission (HEC) and The National Academies through a grant from the United States
Agency for International Development (USAID).
UNDERWATER CONCRETE - MIX DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES
The underwater concrete technology has historically evolved largely through a trial-and-error process of constructing marine works. Many outstanding examples exist of high quality concrete placed underwater. However, failures also occurred and led to excessive cost and/or schedule overruns. These failures were largely due to improper concrete mix design or improper placement. The problems may have occurred because proper underwater concrete construction techniques and experience have not been widely disseminated. This section focuses on technical issues of underwater concrete mix design, concrete production and placement, and quality control.
Equation of three moments
Equation of three moments The analysis of continuous beams subjected to transverse loading and to support settlement is very common in structural design, and it is useful to simplify the general force method approach to this particular case. The resulting expression is known as the equation of three moments. We may note that historically this equation, developed by Clapeyron, precedes the matrix formulation of the force method...
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