Construction of Footpaths - pdf manual
Much rural travel takes place on local paths, tracks and village roads. These provide
essential access to water, firewood, farm plots and the classified road network.
Communities and/or local government are generally responsible for this network of paths
and tracks. One of the main problems they face is in providing effective water crossings.
Particularly in the rainy season, the lack of an adequate crossing can prevent access to
services, or detours of many km or taking risks, especially by women and children, on an
unsafe crossing.
To provide safe and sustainable crossings, those providing technical assistance to local
government and communities need simple, easily applied guidelines on the selection and
construction of effective water crossings. A manual, ‘Construction and Improvement of
Footpaths and Tracks’4b, contains information on simple water crossings and an introductory
chapter on footbridges but within the context of the manual it was not possible to provide
the comprehensive guidelines needed for selecting and constructing footbridge designs for
specific applications.
This follow-up manual deals specifically with the construction of simple but effective
footbridges for spans up to about 20m and is targeted at local technical persons from
district council staff, NGOs, local consultants etc. who are involved in providing technical
assistance to communities and small contractors in the construction of footbridges.
Although the bridges covered in the manual are termed ‘footbridges’, the designs also allow
for use by livestock, IMT (Intermediate Means of Transport) such as oxcarts and the
occasional light motorised vehicle, for instance a pick-up.
essential access to water, firewood, farm plots and the classified road network.
Communities and/or local government are generally responsible for this network of paths
and tracks. One of the main problems they face is in providing effective water crossings.
Particularly in the rainy season, the lack of an adequate crossing can prevent access to
services, or detours of many km or taking risks, especially by women and children, on an
unsafe crossing.
To provide safe and sustainable crossings, those providing technical assistance to local
government and communities need simple, easily applied guidelines on the selection and
construction of effective water crossings. A manual, ‘Construction and Improvement of
Footpaths and Tracks’4b, contains information on simple water crossings and an introductory
chapter on footbridges but within the context of the manual it was not possible to provide
the comprehensive guidelines needed for selecting and constructing footbridge designs for
specific applications.
This follow-up manual deals specifically with the construction of simple but effective
footbridges for spans up to about 20m and is targeted at local technical persons from
district council staff, NGOs, local consultants etc. who are involved in providing technical
assistance to communities and small contractors in the construction of footbridges.
Although the bridges covered in the manual are termed ‘footbridges’, the designs also allow
for use by livestock, IMT (Intermediate Means of Transport) such as oxcarts and the
occasional light motorised vehicle, for instance a pick-up.
Course Book - Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures
Course syllabus
The following topics are included:
The following topics are included:
- Introduction
- Torsion in beams
- Two way slabs, Introduction, types, .. etc
- Direct design method
- Equivalent frame method
- Yield line theory of slabs
- Multi-story buildings, applied loads, Methods, Software application
- Shear walls
- Reinforced Concrete Water tanks
- Reinforce Concrete Bridges
- Prestress Concrete; Introduction, advantages and disadvantages, losses, check of stresses, design of prestressed girders.
pdf concrete mix design manual
Concrete is obtained by mixing cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water and admixtures in required proportions. The mixture when placed in forms and allowed to cure becomes hard like stone. The hardening is caused by chemical action between water and the cement due to which concrete grows stronger with age.
It is the most widely-used man-made construction material in the world.
It is the most widely-used man-made construction material in the world.
Example : design of bridge component
INTRODUCTION TO WORK :
- DESIGN OF SUBSTRUCTURE COMPONENTS OF ELEVATED VIADUCT UNDER PHASE II OF DELHI MRTS PROJECT.- DESIGN OF S/S OF ROB CROSSING ON INDORE-KHALGHAT SECTION ON NH-3.
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Model Construction Cost Estimate template excel format
Construction cost sheet in excel :
Earth Works,Masonry Works,
Plastering Works,
Concreting Works,
Form Works,
Rebar Works,
Roofing Works,
Tile Works Doors,
Jambs & Accessories,
Windows Painting Works,
Plumbing Works,
Ceiling Works,
Electrical Works,
Others.
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What is cost estimate ? all définitions
Cost estimation is the process of developing a well-defined relationship between a cost object and its cost driver for the purpose of predicting the cost. The cost predictions are used in each of the management functions: Strategic Management: Cost estimation is used to predict costs of alternative activities, predict financial impacts of alternative strategic choices, and to predict the costs of alternative implementation strategies.
Planning and Decision Making: Cost estimation is used to predict costs so that management can determine the desirability of alternative options and to budget expenditures, profits, and cash flows.
Management and Operational Control: Cost estimation is used to develop cost standards, as a basis for evaluating performance. Product and Service Costing: Cost estimation is used to allocate costs to products and services or to charge users for jointly incurred costs.
Planning and Decision Making: Cost estimation is used to predict costs so that management can determine the desirability of alternative options and to budget expenditures, profits, and cash flows.
Management and Operational Control: Cost estimation is used to develop cost standards, as a basis for evaluating performance. Product and Service Costing: Cost estimation is used to allocate costs to products and services or to charge users for jointly incurred costs.
construction cost estimate template in excel
Project Project Cost in excel model including :
Foundations, Basement Construction, Superstructure, Exterior Enclosure, Roofing, Interior Construction, Stairs, Interior, Finishes, Conveying Systems, Plumbing Systems, HVAC, Fire, Protection, Electrical, Equipment, Furnishings, Special Construction, Selective Building Demolition, Site Preparation, Site Improvements, Site Mechanical, Utilities Site, Electrical Utilities, Other Site, Construction, Special Use).
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concrete mix design calculation excel sheet
Concrete mix design excel spreadsheet
This excel sheet lets you calculate Several kinds mix designs, you will just fill out the appropriate boxes to have the necessary calculation for your project.
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Concrete Mix Design - ppt presentation
Mix Design for compressive strength by I.S. Method, Road Note Method, British method, Mix Design for flexural Strength.
Concrete mix design may be defines as the art of selecting suitable ingredients of concrete and determining their relative proportions with the object of producing concrete of certain minimum strength & durability as economically as possible.
Concrete mix design may be defines as the art of selecting suitable ingredients of concrete and determining their relative proportions with the object of producing concrete of certain minimum strength & durability as economically as possible.
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Types aggregates in concrete - pp course
aggregates are Inert materials mixed with a binding material (cement, lime, mud) for preparation of mortar or concrete. Depending on the particle size, aggregates are classified as Fine aggregates. 0.15 mm to 4.75 mm. sand, crushed stone, ash, cinder, surkhi. Coarse aggregates. 4.75 mm to 7.5 cm. Cyclopean aggregates. 7.5 cm to 15 cm.
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aggregates pdf
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aggregates ppt
cement training course in powerpoint
cement course online with theses elements :
- Historical Development,
- Manufacture of Cement,
- Chemical Composition of Cement,
- Raw Material for Cement,
- Typical composition of Clinker,
- Compounds in Clinker,
- Cement Manufacturing,
- Cement Manufacturing Process,
- Hydration of Cement,
- Hydration of cement compounds,
- Setting of cement,
- Cement Types,
- Cement Properties
Estimation of concrete worksheets
Concrete estimator for :
- Concrete Continuous Footing Quantity Take-off Worksheet,
- Concrete Spread Footing Quantity Take-off Worksheet,
- Concrete Slab Quantity Take-off Worksheet,
- Concrete Wall Quantity Take-off Worksheet,
- Concrete Beam Quantity Take-off Worksheet,
- Concrete Column Quantity Take-off Worksheet,
- Concrete Calculator
estimate construction cost for school sheet
construction cost sheet template for school.
Estimation for theses elements :DEMOLITION AND REMOVALS,
CONCRETE,
MASONRY,
METALS,
CARPENTRY,
THERMAL AND MOISTURE PROTECTION,
DOORS AND WINDOWS,
FINISHES, SPECIALTIES,
EQUIPMENT,
FURNISHINGS,
CONVEYING SYSTEM
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Factory pipe rack fondation hand calculation - SAP2000
DESCRIPTION Structural Design Data Sheets with SAP2000
1 - Engineering Sketches2- Basic Load Cases
3- Load Combinations
4- Pile Design
4-1) Geolechnocal
4-2) Strength
5- Foundation Design
5-1) Base Plate & Anchor Rods
5-2) Grade Beam Design
5-3) Design of Pile Caps
Design Basis Information, Reference Documents
Concrete structure pdf
3.1 Constituents: Cement, aggregates, water and admixtures
3.1.1 Purpose and function of constituents3.1.1 History and manufacture cement - Development of cement-based products
3.1.1.1 Components, types and properties
3.1.1.1.1 Component materials required for cement making
3.1.1.1.2 Manufacturing process
3.1.1.1.3 Constituents of cement
3.1.1.1.4 Types of cement (CSA)
3.1.2 Setting, hydration and hardening of cement/concrete
3.1.3 Properties of aggregates, water and admixtures
3.1.3.1 Properties of aggregates
3.1.3.2 Properties of water
3.1.3.3 Admixtures: Need and type
3.1.3.3.1 Chemical admixtures
3.1.3.3.2 Mineral admixtures
3.2 Making and testing of concrete
3.2.1 Mixing, placing, finishing and curing of concrete3.2.2 Properties of fresh concrete: Consistency and workability
3.2.3 Properties of hardened concrete
3.2.3.1 Strength: Compressive, tensile and flexure
3.2.3.2 Modulus of elasticity
3.2.3.3 Durability of concrete
3.2.3.4 Creep and shrinkage
3.3. Concrete Mix Design: Objectives
3.3.1 Principles of mix design3.3.2 CSA Mix design - Based on absolute volume method
3.4 Concept of reinforcing concrete with steel - Properties and characteristics
3.5. Types of concrete: Mass concrete, reinforced concrete, pre-stressed concrete
- Casting of slabs in grade- Casting of a concrete wall
- Casting of a floor and roof framing system
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